abstract：BACKGROUND:The male:female (M:F) mortality ratio for under-five mortality varies considerably across and within societies. Maternal education has been linked to better outcomes for girls, but the evidence is mixed. We examined how the M:F ratio for under-five mortality varies by maternal education in sub-Saharan Africa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Monden CW,Smits J

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although individual studies have been inconsistent, meta-analyses of epidemiological data suggest that high folate and vitamin B12 levels may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk. METHODS:Within JANUS, a prospective cohort in Norway (n = 317 000) with baseline serum samples, we conducted a nest...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： de Vogel S,Meyer K,Fredriksen Å,Ulvik A,Ueland PM,Nygård O,Vollset SE,Tell GS,Tretli S,Bjørge T

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) medical records-linkage system was established in 1966 to capture health care information for the entire population of Olmsted County, MN, USA. The REP includes a dynamic cohort of 502 820 unique individuals who resided in Olmsted County at some point between 1966 and 2010, and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： St Sauver JL,Grossardt BR,Yawn BP,Melton LJ 3rd,Pankratz JJ,Brue SM,Rocca WA

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has more than halved in England since the 1980s, but there are few data on small-area trends. We estimated CVD mortality by ward in 5-year intervals between 1982 and 2006, and examined trends in relation to starting mortality, region and community deprivation. METHODS:...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Asaria P,Fortunato L,Fecht D,Tzoulaki I,Abellan JJ,Hambly P,de Hoogh K,Ezzati M,Elliott P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This cohort profile describes the origins, tracing, recruitment, testing and follow-up of the University of Edinburgh-based Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (LBC1921; N = 550) and 1936 (LBC1936; N = 1091). The participants undertook a general intelligence test at age 11 years and were recruited for these cohorts at mean ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Deary IJ,Gow AJ,Pattie A,Starr JM

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mildmay Uganda (MUg), an HIV treatment centre near Kampala, the capital of Uganda, has entered into a memorandum of understanding to collaborate with Canadian researchers at the University of Ottawa to develop their research programme and develop an observational cohort database (the MUg observational cohort). The pri...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Funk A,Kanters S,Nansubuga M,Mwehire D,Featherstone A,Druyts E,Odiit M,Mills EJ

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies on the association between childhood infections and childhood leukaemia have produced inconsistent results, likely due to the recall error/bias of infection data reported by the parents. The current study used a population-based and record-based case-control design to evaluate the associatio...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chang JS,Tsai CR,Tsai YW,Wiemels JL

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Some, but not all, observational studies have suggested that taller stature is associated with a significant increased risk of glioma. In a pooled analysis of observational studies, we investigated the strength and consistency of this association, overall and for major sub-types, and investigated effect modi...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kitahara CM,Wang SS,Melin BS,Wang Z,Braganza M,Inskip PD,Albanes D,Andersson U,Beane Freeman LE,Buring JE,Carreón T,Feychting M,Gapstur SM,Gaziano JM,Giles GG,Hallmans G,Hankinson SE,Henriksson R,Hsing AW,Johansen C

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Longitudinal cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed to understand cardiovascular disease development. We, therefore, explored health behaviours and conventional risk factors of African individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP) (≤ 120/80 mm Hg), and their 5-year prediction for the develop...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Schutte AE,Schutte R,Huisman HW,van Rooyen JM,Fourie CM,Malan NT,Malan L,Mels CM,Smith W,Moss SJ,Towers GW,Kruger HS,Wentzel-Viljoen E,Vorster HH,Kruger A

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This article analyses the epidemiological research developments in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It integrates the series commissioned by the International Epidemiological Association to all WHO Regions to identify global opportunities to promote the development of epidemiology. METHODS:Health situ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Barreto SM,Miranda JJ,Figueroa JP,Schmidt MI,Munoz S,Kuri-Morales PP,Silva JB Jr

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Epigenetic programming and epigenetic mechanisms driven by environmental factors are thought to play an important role in human health and ageing. Global DNA methylation has been postulated as an epigenetic marker for epidemiological studies as it is reflective of changes in gene expression linked to disease...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McGuinness D,McGlynn LM,Johnson PC,MacIntyre A,Batty GD,Burns H,Cavanagh J,Deans KA,Ford I,McConnachie A,McGinty A,McLean JS,Millar K,Packard CJ,Sattar NA,Tannahill C,Velupillai YN,Shiels PG

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to a pre-natal famine environment has been associated with a persistent decrease in DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene, although study findings on other loci have been highly variable. There have been no studies to date of the relation between pre-natal famine and overall global DNA methylation in adu...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lumey LH,Terry MB,Delgado-Cruzata L,Liao Y,Wang Q,Susser E,McKeague I,Santella RM

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The effect of antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation on health is one of the most controversial issues in human nutrition. Our objective was to investigate the effect of nutritional doses of a combination of antioxidant vitamins and minerals on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of h...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Briançon S,Boini S,Bertrais S,Guillemin F,Galan P,Hercberg S

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The BED assay was developed to estimate the proportion of recent HIV infections in a population. We used the BED assay as a proxy for acute infection to quantify the associated risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy and delivery. Design A total of 3773 HIV-1 sero-positive women were test...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marinda ET,Moulton LH,Humphrey JH,Hargrove JW,Ntozini R,Mutasa K,Levin J

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The association between respiratory infection and risk of heart attacks and strokes is well established. However, less evidence exists for an association between respiratory infection and venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this article, we describe the associations between respiratory infection and VTE. METHO...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Clayton TC,Gaskin M,Meade TW

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The incidence rates of childhood onset type 1 diabetes are almost universally increasing across the globe but the aetiology of the disease remains largely unknown. We investigated whether birth order is associated with the risk of childhood diabetes by performing a pooled analysis of previous studies. METHO...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cardwell CR,Stene LC,Joner G,Bulsara MK,Cinek O,Rosenbauer J,Ludvigsson J,Svensson J,Goldacre MJ,Waldhoer T,Jarosz-Chobot P,Gimeno SG,Chuang LM,Roberts CL,Parslow RC,Wadsworth EJ,Chetwynd A,Brigis G,Urbonaite B,Sipe

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A growing body of evidence supports the role of type 2 diabetes as an individual-level risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), though evidence from developing countries with the highest TB burdens is lacking. In developing countries, TB is most common among the poor, in whom diabetes may be less common. We assess...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Goldhaber-Fiebert JD,Jeon CY,Cohen T,Murray MB

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We examined the effect of a large reduction in the price of alcohol that occurred in Finland in 2004 on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality, and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from which alcohol-attributable cases were excluded. METHODS:Time series intervention analysis modelling was ap...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Herttua K,Mäkelä P,Martikainen P

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2009, there were 8273 local screening laboratories, 254 confirmatory laboratories, 35 provincial confirmatory central laboratories and 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory (NARL) in China. These laboratories were located in Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) facilities, hospitals, blood donat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Jiang Y,Qiu M,Zhang G,Xing W,Xiao Y,Pan P,Yao J,Ou CY,Su X

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to testicular cancer risk, with a specific focus upon characteristics of the son. METHODS:Literature databases Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched using highly sensitive search strategies. Of 5865 refer...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cook MB,Akre O,Forman D,Madigan MP,Richiardi L,McGlynn KA

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Smoking during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risks of several adverse birth outcomes. Associations with overweight and/or obesity in the offspring have also been suggested. We aim to investigate whether familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and overwei...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Iliadou AN,Koupil I,Villamor E,Altman D,Hultman C,Långström N,Cnattingius S

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Educational attainment is associated with many life outcomes, including income, occupation and many health and lifestyle variables. Many researchers use it as a control variable in epidemiological and other social scientific studies, often without specifying exactly what environmental effects or set of perso...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Deary IJ,Johnson W

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The role of trigger factors in acute cardiovascular events has been much studied in the past few years. A recent study analysed changes in the rates of cardiac emergencies in Bavaria (Germany) during the last Football World Cup. The authors reported a 2.7-fold increase in the incidence of cardiac emergencies...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Barone-Adesi F,Vizzini L,Merletti F,Richiardi L

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about the relationship between physical functional health and long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) independently of known risk factors in a general population. METHODS:Men and women aged 40-79 years at baseline who completed a health and lifestyle questionnaire and attended a healt...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Myint PK,Luben RN,Surtees PG,Wainwright NW,Wareham NJ,Khaw KT

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'Mendelian randomization' approach uses genotype as an instrumental variable to distinguish between causal and non-causal explanations of biomarker-disease associations. Classical methods for instrumental variable analysis are limited to linear or probit models without latent variables or missing data, rely on asy...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McKeigue PM,Campbell H,Wild S,Vitart V,Hayward C,Rudan I,Wright AF,Wilson JF

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ready-made spectacles (RMS) have advantages; however, visual performance and satisfaction has not been evaluated. METHODS:A 1-month, double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing planned continued use and visual performance of RMS to Custom Spectacles (CS) in adults aged 18-45 years with > or =1 diopte...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Keay L,Gandhi M,Brady C,Ali FS,Mathur U,Munoz B,Friedman DS

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the absence of planned efforts to target the poor, child survival programs often favour the rich. Further evidence is needed urgently about which interventions and programme approaches are most effective in addressing inequities. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) is available and can be used to model mortality ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Amouzou A,Richard SA,Friberg IK,Bryce J,Baqui AH,El Arifeen S,Walker N

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and pivmecillinam are the antibiotics currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of dysentery in children; yet there have been no reviews of the clinical effectiveness of these antibiotics in recent years. METHODS:We reviewed all literature repo...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Traa BS,Walker CL,Munos M,Black RE

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Geoffrey Rose's 1985 paper, Sick individuals and sick populations, continues to spark debate and discussion. Since this original publication, there have been two notable challenges to Rose's population strategy of prevention. First, identification of high-risk individuals has improved considerably in accuracy, which s...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McLaren L,McIntyre L,Kirkpatrick S

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While a large body of literature has demonstrated an association between physical health problems and psychiatric ones, the extent to which one is causally linked to the other remains difficult to estimate. This quasi-experimental study seeks to (i) estimate causal effects of an acute negative health event (...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mohanan M,Maselko J

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling f...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Héroux M,Janssen I,Lam M,Lee DC,Hebert JR,Sui X,Blair SN

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early-life social environment has been suggested to play an important role during the development of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric diseases. We aimed to assess the association of sibship size with H. pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in a population-based study from Germany. METHOD...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gao L,Weck MN,Raum E,Stegmaier C,Rothenbacher D,Brenner H

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have assessed the relative importance of material, psychosocial and behavioural factors in the explanation of relative socio-economic inequalities in mortality, but research into the contribution of biomedical factors has been limited. Our study examines the relative contribution of (i) mate...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Skalická V,van Lenthe F,Bambra C,Krokstad S,Mackenbach J

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The excess risk of fatal and non-fatal cerebrovascular disease in people from low socioeconomic positions is only partially explained by conventional cerebrovascular risk factors. This has led to the suggestion that poor psychosocial work environments provide important additional explanatory power. However, ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kivimäki M,Gimeno D,Ferrie JE,Batty GD,Oksanen T,Jokela M,Virtanen M,Salo P,Akbaraly TN,Elovainio M,Pentti J,Vahtera J

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects, by income group, of targeted food taxes and subsidies on nutrition, health and expenditure in the UK. METHODS:A model based on consumption data and demand elasticity was constructed to predict the effects of four food taxation-subsidy regimens. Resulting changes in demand, expenditure...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nnoaham KE,Sacks G,Rayner M,Mytton O,Gray A

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression has been associated with chronic changes in the serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in observational studies, but it is unclear if this association is causal or is due to confounding and bias. Genetic studies are less subject to this type of error and offer an opportunity to investigat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Almeida OP,Norman PE,Allcock R,van Bockxmeer F,Hankey GJ,Jamrozik K,Flicker L

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent criticism of epidemiologic methods has focused on the limitations of 'black box' epidemiology, a pejorative label given to the simple identification of exposure-disease relationships. The assessment of mediation is an important tool for addressing this criticism. By using mediation analysis to open the black bo...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hafeman DM,Schwartz S

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of orphanhood among children has been greatly exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. If orphanhood harms a child's development and these effects perpetuate into adult life, then the African orphan crisis could seriously jeopardize the continent's future generations. Wheth...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Beegle K,De Weerdt J,Dercon S

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In July 2004 a strain-specific vaccine was introduced to combat an epidemic of group B meningococcal disease in New Zealand. We estimated the effectiveness of this vaccine in pre-school-aged children. METHODS:We conducted a cohort analysis of all children in New Zealand who were aged 6 months to <5 years at...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Galloway Y,Stehr-Green P,McNicholas A,O'Hallahan J

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence increasingly suggests that ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk are partly mediated by adipose tissue biology, which refers to the regional distribution of adipose tissue and its differential metabolic activity. This paper proposes a novel evolutionary hypothesis for ethnic genetic variability in adipose...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wells JC

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00